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Optical Sensing

With the continuous advancement of optoelectronic technology, optical sensing has become a crucial enabling technology in fields such as industrial inspection, environmental monitoring, biomedical applications, and intelligent manufacturing. Compared with traditional electrical sensing methods, optical sensing offers advantages including high sensitivity, immunity to electromagnetic interference, rapid response speed, and the ability to perform measurements over long distances. Fundamental optical components and integrated optical devices, as the core constituents of optical sensing systems, are driving the development of optical sensing technologies toward higher precision, miniaturization, and intelligent (smartification).

In the realm of fundamental optical components, devices such as lenses, prisms, filters, beam splitters, and fiber collimators play crucial roles in controlling light paths and modulating signals. Through high-precision optical design and advanced coating technologies, these components can achieve functions including beam focusing, beam splitting, polarization control, and wavelength selection, thereby enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio and measurement resolution of sensing systems. For example, filters are used in gas absorption spectroscopy sensing to select specific spectral bands; while collimating lenses and prism assemblies effectively improve the stability of optical signal transmission in displacement, strain, and temperature sensing applications.

Meanwhile, the development of integrated optical devices has brought new advantages to optical sensing, including compact structure, high stability, and ease of mass production. Integrated waveguide devices based on silicon photonics, silicon nitride (SiN), or indium phosphide (InP) platforms can integrate multiple functions—such as light source, interference, beam splitting, and detection—on a single chip, significantly reducing system size and enhancing measurement accuracy. Typical applications include integrated optical waveguide interferometers, photonic crystal resonators, and integrated Bragg grating sensors.

Overall, the integrated application of fundamental optical components and integrated optical devices is driving optical sensing technology from the laboratory into industrial-scale deployment, providing more precise and reliable technological support for fields such as intelligent manufacturing, life sciences, and environmental protection.